II Congreso Nacional de Pediatría. La lucha contra la mortalidad infantil / II National Congress of Paediatrics: The fight against child mortality

En el presente trabajo se presenta una aproximación a los contenidos de las ponencias del IICongreso Nacional de Pediatría, celebrado en San Sebastián en 1923, con ocasión del centenario del mismo. Se destaca como hilo conductor de las mismas el problema de la mortalidad infantil, que en aquellos años era muy elevada en España y era una preocupación de políticos, de intelectuales y de la clase médica. Se constata que alguna de las propuestas y preocupaciones de los pediatras que asistieron a dicho congreso siguen vigentes hoy en día.(AU)

In this work, we present an overview of the contents of the communications presented at the Second National Congress of Paediatrics, held in San Sebastian in 1923, on the occasion of the 100th year anniversary. The problem of infant mortality stands out as a common thread, which in those years was very high in Spain and was a concern of politicians, intellectuals and the medical profession. It is worth noting that some of the proposals and concerns of the paediatricians who attended that congress continue to be relevant today.(AU)

Forgotten Pediatrics: 8 Disturbing Windows on the Past.

The 75 years since Pediatrics was first published has witnessed an explosion of the scientific knowledge base informing child health. Yet, the path leading to the present has not been linear. We examine several articles that illustrate some of the unexpected twists and turns that have characterized our specialty's history. We hope that it will provide a reminder of the ever-changing nature of scientific knowledge and the need to continually re-evaluate how our own cultural assumptions shape medical practice.

La medicina de los niños. Las peculiaridades pediátricas de la relación médico-enfermo en España (1880-1960 / Medicine of children. Pediatric peculiarities of the doctor-patient relationship in spain (1880-1960)

La aparición del especialismo pediátrico en el siglo XIX y primeras décadas del XX, fue un proceso muy complejo que obligó a reformular aspectos de la ciencia y, sobre todo, de la práctica médica. La necesidad de hacer frente a los problemas de un paciente peculiar, con unos rangos de edad que había que definir y cuyas características singulares eran las de ser un organismo en fase de crecimiento y desarrollo, planteaba unos retos nuevos a estos nuevos profesionales, entre ellos, la relación que había que establecer con la madre y la familia. A esta tarea se enfrentaron los nuevos especialistas, que pusieron todo su empeño en transmitir sus experiencias a las nuevas generaciones de profesionales lo que supuso, por un lado, abordar las enfermedades infantiles desde nuevas perspectivas y por otro, legitimar su posición de expertos.(AU)

The appearance of pediatric specialization in the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th was a very complex process that forced the reformulation of aspects of science and, above all, of medical practice. The need to deal with the problems of a peculiar patient, with age ranges that had to be defined and whose specific characteristics were that of being an organism in a phase of growth and development, posed new challenges for these new professionals. This task was faced by the new specialists, who made every effort to transmit their experiences to the new generations of professionals, which meant, on the one hand, addressing childhood diseases from new perspectives and, on the other, legitimizing their position as experts.(AU)

Frank B. Bicknell: Pioneer in Pediatric Urology and Founder of the American Urological Association History Forum.

OBJECTIVE: To explore and document the life and urologic contributions of Dr. Frank B. Bicknell. METHODS: We researched the life of Dr. Bicknell via his publications, archived documents from the Didusch Museum and through the description of his life and accomplishments by his colleagues including John K. Lattimer and Frank Hinman Jr. RESULTS: Frank B. Bicknell (1907-1999) attended the University of Michigan (1925-1928) and Universityof Michigan Medical School (1928-1932) prior to his internship and urology residency at the Receiving Hospital, Detroit, Michigan (1932-1936). He served in the Merchant Marine in the 1930s, sailing around the world. He was a major in World War II and served as Professor of Urology at Wayne State University. In 1951 Dr. Bicknell got together a small group of eight urologists interested in pediatric urology during the AUA Annual Meeting. Drs. Campbell, Barber, Johnson, Mertz, Hinman Jr., Spence and Lattimer all met in Dr. Bicknell's Chicago hotel room and would form The Society for Pediatric Urology. At the time, Dr. Bicknell's brother-in-law had just become president of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Dr. John Lattimer with the help of Dr. Bicknell's brother-in-law was able to get a room at the AAP meeting which he filled with 2500 people, thought to be the largest collection of urologists in one room at the time. The success of the session led the AAP to develop a Section of Urology and impressed upon the AUA the magnitude of interest in pediatric urology. This allowed pediatric urologists to secure an exclusive session on the day before the main AUA meeting which has persisted since that time.Dr. Bicknell founded the History Forum in 1966 and chaired this very popular event during its first decade. The forum now occupies an entire afternoon during the AUA annual meeting, with papers presented on historic urologic topics. The highlight of this assembly is the annual lecture on the history of medicine. In 2000, this oration was renamed the Frank Bicknell History of Urology Oration to honor the founder of the History Forum. CONCLUSION: Dr. Frank Bicknell was an early leader in pediatric urology and urologic history who helped found The Society of Pediatric Urology and the AUA History Forum.

Uma vida dedicada à Homeopatia e à Pediatria

A Dra. Ana Lucia Dias Paulo falará um pouco sobre a sua história e comentará alguns casos de pediatria, em especial, como ela vê a reação de crianças e bebês ao tratamento homeopático. Palestrante: Dra. Ana Lucia Dias Paulo com participação e a Dra. Helena Las Casas Ralid.

Biografía de una pediatra pionera en España: Nieves González Barrio (1884-1961) / Biography of a pioneering pediatrician in Spain: Nieves González Barrio (1884-1961)

Introducción: podemos encontrar mujeres pioneras en Pediatría y Puericultura en España, a principios del siglo XX, para rescatarlas del olvido y subrayar su papel dentro de la conquista del espacio público para la mujer. Nieves González Barrio (1884-1961) fue una de ellas. Objetivo: describir su vida profesional como pionera médica y pediatra-puericultora (biografía histórica), enmarcada en un contexto humanístico. Material y métodos: estudio histórico, hemerográfico (Biblioteca Nacional de España [BNE], BNF-Gallica [biblioteca de Francia], diario ABC, Memorias de la Junta de Ampliación de Estudios, la propia González Barrio en Blanco y Negro en 1935, y otros). Seleccionados: 22 artículos científicos, más 26 de prensa histórica y libros. Resultados: González Barrio presentó su tesis doctoral en 1915, sobre Kala-Azar. Fue médica pionera en los viajes formativos a EE. UU. Su actividad: la Medicina de Laboratorio y la Pediatría. Fue profesora (1926-1931) en la Escuela Nacional de Puericultura, encargada del laboratorio y de organizar el servicio de enfermeras visitadoras y niñeras. Fue una promotora de la especialización en enfermería. Perteneció a diversas instituciones médicas y educadoras, y de promoción de la mujer (el Lyceum Club femenino y otras). Comentarios: fue de las primeras médicas pediatras en España, doctoradas, y pionera en formación internacional, en investigación y docencia. Su vida profesional se vio truncada por los vaivenes de la política española y de la Sanidad, así como necesidades familiares. Su figura, su determinación personal, su legado, su gran capacidad polifacética y su labor como mujer científica y pediatra merecen ser tenidas en consideración y estudiadas en profundidad (AU)

Introduction. At the beginning of the 20th century, we can find and rescue from oblivion pioneer women in Pediatrics and Puericulture in Spain, to underline their role within the conquest of public space for women. María Nieves González Barrio (1884-1961) was one of them. Objective: to describe her professional life as a pioneering physician and pediatrician-pediatrician-puericulturist (historical biography), framed in a humanistic context.Material and methods. Historical and hemerographic study (BNE-National Library of Spain-, BNF-Gallica (library of France), ABC newspaper, Memoirs of the Junta de Ampliación de Estudios, González Barrio herself in Black and White in 1935, and others). Selected: 22 scientific articles and books, plus 26 historical press articles.Results. González Barrio presented her doctoral thesis in 1915, on Kala-Azar. She was a pioneer physician in formative trips to the USA. Her activity: Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics. She was a professor at the National School of Puericulture, from 1926 to 1931, in charge of the laboratory and of organizing the service of visiting nurses and nannies. She was a promoter of nursing specialization. She belonged to several medical and educational institutions, and for the promotion of women, such as the Women's Lyceum Club and others.Comments. She was one of the first pediatric doctors in Spain, with a doctorate, and a pioneer in international training, research and teaching. Her professional life was truncated by the ups and downs of Spanish politics and healthcare, as well as family needs. Her figure, personal determination, legacy, her great multifaceted capacity and her work as a woman scientist and pediatrician deserve to be taken into consideration and studied in greater depth. (AU)